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Anaphylactic shock is associated with systemic vasodilation that causes low blood pressure which is by definition 30% lower than the person's baseline or below standard values. [ 17 ] Biphasic anaphylaxis is the recurrence of symptoms within 1–72 hours after resolution of an initial anaphylactic episode. [ 40 ]
Shock triggered by a serious allergic reaction is known as anaphylactic shock, shock triggered by severe dehydration or blood loss is known as hypovolemic shock, shock caused by sepsis is known as septic shock, etc. Shock itself is a life-threatening condition as a result of compromised body circulation. [22]
If multiple systems are involved, then anaphylaxis can take place, which is an acute, systemic reaction that can prove fatal. Treatment usually involves adrenaline (epinephrine) because it counteracts anaphylaxis by increasing blood flow and relaxing bronchial muscles that block one’s airways. [7]
Anaphylactic shock, a result of severe allergic reaction; Neurogenic shock, due to a high spinal cord injury disrupting the sympathetic nervous system; Hypovolemic shock, resulting from an insufficient blood volume Hemorrhagic shock, from a large volume lost to bleeding; Obstructive shock, resulting from mechanical obstruction of blood flow
In anaphylactic shock low blood pressure is related to decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) triggered primarily by a massive release of histamine by mast cells activated by antigen-bound immunoglobulin E and also by increased production and release of prostaglandins.
Allergy blood tests are very safe since the person is not exposed to any allergens during the testing procedure. After the onset of anaphylaxis or a severe allergic reaction, guidelines recommend emergency departments obtain a time-sensitive blood test to determine blood tryptase levels and assess for mast cell activation. [101]
[3] [12] [13] Besides, nearly all kinds of distributive shock such as septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, drug and toxin-induced shock, endocrine shock can turn out into refractory vasodilatory shock when the original shock becomes more severe. [14] [2] [15] [16] [17] [4] The most common cause of vasodilatory shock is sepsis. [5]
Anaphylatoxins are able to trigger degranulation (release of substances) of endothelial cells, mast cells or phagocytes, which produce a local inflammatory response.If the degranulation is widespread, it can cause a shock-like syndrome similar to that of an allergic reaction.