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  2. Corrupted Blood incident - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrupted_Blood_incident

    The Corrupted Blood debuff being spread among characters in Ironforge, one of World of Warcraft's in-game cities. The Corrupted Blood incident (also known as the World of Warcraft pandemic) [1] [2] took place between September 13 and October 8, 2005, in World of Warcraft, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Blizzard Entertainment.

  3. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron , copper , silver , tin , lead and zinc .

  4. Cupellation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupellation

    16th century cupellation furnaces (per Agricola). Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore.

  5. De re metallica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_metallica

    This book describes smelting, which Agricola describes as perfecting the metal by fire. The design of furnaces is first explained. These are very similar for smelting different metals, constructed of brick or soft stone with a brick front and mechanically driven bellows at the rear. At the front is a pit called the fore-hearth to receive the metal.

  6. Steelmaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelmaking

    Steel mill with two arc furnaces. Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap.Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes.

  7. Ferrous metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy

    Iron smelting—the extraction of usable metal from oxidized iron ores—is more difficult than tin and copper smelting. While these metals and their alloys can be cold-worked or melted in relatively simple furnaces (such as the kilns used for pottery ) and cast into molds, smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially ...

  8. Blast furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnace

    Blast furnaces are currently rarely used in copper smelting, but modern lead smelting blast furnaces are much shorter than iron blast furnaces and are rectangular in shape. [76] Modern lead blast furnaces are constructed using water-cooled steel or copper jackets for the walls, and have no refractory linings in the side walls. [ 77 ]

  9. History of metallurgy in China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_China

    Chinese metallurgy was widely practiced during the Middle Ages; during the 11th century, the growth of the iron industry caused vast deforestation due to the use of charcoal in the smelting process. [54] [55] To remedy the problem of deforestation, the Song Chinese discovered how to produce coke from bituminous coal as a substitute for charcoal.