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  2. Firmware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

    As originally used, firmware contrasted with hardware (the CPU itself) and software (normal instructions executing on a CPU). It was not composed of CPU machine instructions, but of lower-level microcode involved in the implementation of machine instructions. It existed on the boundary between hardware and software; thus the name firmware.

  3. Embedded software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_software

    Embedded software is computer software, written to control machines or devices that are not typically thought of as computers, commonly known as embedded systems. It is typically specialized for the particular hardware that it runs on and has time and memory constraints. [1] This term is sometimes used interchangeably with firmware. [2]

  4. Embedded system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system

    An embedded system on a plug-in card with processor, memory, power supply, and external interfaces. An embedded system is a specialized computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system.

  5. Computer architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture

    Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate control flow, whereas red lines indicate data flow. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. [1]

  6. System on a chip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip

    Apple M1 system on a chip A system on a chip from Broadcom in a Raspberry Pi. A system on a chip or system-on-chip (SoC / ˌ ˈ ɛ s oʊ s iː /; pl. SoCs / ˌ ˈ ɛ s oʊ s iː z /) is an integrated circuit that integrates most or all components of a computer or electronic system.

  7. Von Neumann architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

    A von Neumann architecture scheme. The von Neumann architecture—also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture—is a computer architecture based on the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, [1] written by John von Neumann in 1945, describing designs discussed with John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering.

  8. Hardware architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_architecture

    Within the computer and software engineering disciplines (and, often, other engineering disciplines, such as communications), then, the terms hardware, software, and system came to distinguish between the hardware that runs a computer program, the software, and the hardware device complete with its program.

  9. Embedded operating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_operating_system

    An embedded system on a plug-in card, featuring a processor, memory, power supply, and various external interfaces. An Embedded Operating System (EOS) is an operating system designed specifically for embedded computer systems. These systems aim to enhance functionality and reliability to perform dedicated tasks. [1]