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In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide. [6] A malathion mixture with corn syrup was used in the 1980s in Australia and California to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly. [7] In Canada and the US starting in the early 2000s, malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat west Nile virus. [8]
The 2024 IRAC poster of insecticide modes of action includes the majority of chemicals listed below. [5] The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use.
Malathion: Malathion USB, ~ EC, Cythion, maldison, mercaptothion Organophosphate >8 fl oz/acre (58 L/km 2) ⇒ 5.5 days Malathion is highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects, some fish, and other aquatic life. Malathion is moderately toxic to other fish and birds, and is considered low in toxicity to mammals. [40] Highly toxic ...
The cotton stalks are shredded and plowed into the ground to eliminate their use as a winter shelter. During years 2 through 5, the automatic spraying is supplemented by an intensive trapping program (one trap per 1–2 acres), and malathion applications are made only in those fields where weevils are detected.
After an insect (or a human) ingests parathion, an oxidase replaces the double bonded sulfur with oxygen to give paraoxon. [8] (C 2 H 5 O) 2 P(S)OC 6 H 4 NO 2 + 1/ 2 O 2 → (C 2 H 5 O) 2 P(O)OC 6 H 4 NO 2 + S. The phosphate ester is more reactive in organisms than the phosphorothiolate ester, as the phosphorus atoms become much more ...
Acephate is an organophosphate foliar and soil insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on roses and greenhouse ornamentals).
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