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"The death of the Jews will end the Saarland's distress"—graffiti in a Jewish cemetery, November 1938. Following the referendum, the Council of the League of Nations decided that the Saar should return to Germany. [14] The Saar once again became part of Germany on 1 March 1935, [14] with Josef Bürckel as Reichskommissar.
As a result, anti-Nazi groups agitated for the Saarland to remain under British and French occupation under a League of Nations mandate. However, as most of the region's population was German, the mandate was unpopular. A plebiscite was held in the territory on 13 January 1935.
Helmut Schön, later World and European champion with West Germany, was the manager of the Saarland team from 1952 until Saarland became a part of West Germany in 1957. [12] The Amateurliga Saarland was the local league within the German Football League System except 1948–1951 period when it was under independent Saarland Football Association ...
Saarland (German: [ˈzaːʁ̞lant] ⓘ, Luxembourgish: [ˈzaːlɑnt]; French: Sarre) is a state of Germany in the southwest of the country. With an area of 2,570 km 2 (990 sq mi) and population of 990,509 in 2018, it is the smallest German state in area apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, and the smallest in population apart from Bremen. [3]
A referendum on the Saar statute was held in the Saar Protectorate on 23 October 1955. [1] The statute would have made the territory an independent polity under the auspices of a European Commissioner, to be appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Western European Union, while remaining in the economic union with France.
A 1956 plebiscite ended the French administration of the Saar protectorate, and it joined the Federal Republic as Saarland on 1 January 1957, becoming its tenth state. The city of Berlin was not part of either state and de jure continued to be under Allied occupation of the four countries until the reunification of Germany in October 1990.
In late 1934-early 1935, Papen took a break from his duties as German ambassador in Vienna to lead the Deutsche Front ("German Front") in the Saarland plebiscite on 13 January 1935, where the League of Nations observers monitoring the vote noted Papen's "ruthless methods" as he campaigned for the region to return to Germany. [122]
The Saar Offensive was the French invasion of Saarland, Germany, in the first stages of World War II, from September 7 to October 16, 1939, in response to the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939.