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  2. Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Ampel_State_Islamic...

    At the end of the 1950s, Muslim community leaders in East Java proposed the idea of establishing an Islamic college through the Ministry of Religious Affairs.They held a meeting in Jombang in 1961, and during the meeting, Soenarjo, who later became the rector of Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, attended as a resource to convey the necessary issues for the foundation of the college.

  3. Shaykh al-Islām - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaykh_al-Islām

    Shaykh al-Islām (English: Sheikh/Chief of Islamic/Muslim Community; Arabic: شيخ الإسلام, romanized: Šayḫ al-Islām; Persian: شِیخُ‌الاسلام, Sheykh-ol-Eslām; Urdu: شِیخُ‌الاسلام, Sheikh-ul-Islām; Ottoman Turkish: شیخ‌ الاسلام, Turkish: Şeyhülislâm [1]) was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the ...

  4. List of critics of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_critics_of_Islam

    Martin Luther, the father of the Protestant Reformation, wrote on Islam.; French polymath and philosopher Voltaire wrote Mahomet, ou Le Fanatisme (1741), a religious satire on the life of Muhammad, [26] described as a self-deceived, [27] perverted [27] religious fanatic and manipulator, [26] [27] and his hunger for political power behind the foundation of Islam.