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In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, at least two will share a birthday. The birthday paradox refers to the counterintuitive fact that only 23 people are needed for that probability to exceed 50%. The birthday paradox is a veridical paradox: it seems wrong at first ...
The birthday problem asks, for a set of n randomly chosen people, what is the probability that some pair of them will have the same birthday? The problem itself is mainly concerned with counterintuitive probabilities, but we can also tell by the pigeonhole principle that among 367 people, there is at least one pair of people who share the same ...
A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations ...
The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem[1]) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver ...
If you were born on Leap Day 1924, you would be 100 years old, or 25 in Leap Day years. The year must be evenly divisible by 4. If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is not a leap year ...
Hash collision. John Smith and Sandra Dee share the same hash value of 02, causing a hash collision. In computer science, a hash collision or hash clash[1] is when two distinct pieces of data in a hash table share the same hash value. The hash value in this case is derived from a hash function which takes a data input and returns a fixed length ...
The distribution of births according to month in the general population. The term relative age effect (RAE), also known as birthdate effect or birth date effect, is used to describe a bias, evident in the upper echelons of youth sport [1] and academia, [2] where participation is higher amongst those born earlier in the relevant selection period (and lower for those born later in the selection ...
Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years. [ 1 ] The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic ...