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Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula K N O 3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K + and nitrate ions NO 3 −, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the US). [5] It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named ...
Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs) – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. [1][2][3] A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded ...
Kapustinskii equation. The Kapustinskii equation calculates the lattice energy UL for an ionic crystal, which is experimentally difficult to determine. It is named after Anatoli Fedorovich Kapustinskii who published the formula in 1956. [1] where. K = 1.20200 × 10 −4 J·m·mol −1. d = 3.45 × 10 −11 m. ν is the number of ions in the ...
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 [1] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term. [2] Where: E = The Lattice energy. r0 = distance between ...
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, [ 1 ] and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. It is one of the main types of bonding, along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding.
Fajans' rules. In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, [1][2][3] are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be summarized in the following table: Thus sodium chloride (with a low ...
The Born–Haber cycle is an approach to analyze reaction energies. It was named after two German scientists, Max Born and Fritz Haber, who developed it in 1919. [1][2][3] It was also independently formulated by Kasimir Fajans [4] and published concurrently in the same journal. [1] The cycle is concerned with the formation of an ionic compound ...
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a ...