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In electronics, voltage drop is the decrease of electric potential along the path of a current flowing in a circuit. Voltage drops in the internal resistance of the source, across conductors, across contacts, and across connectors are undesirable because some of the energy supplied is dissipated. The voltage drop across the load is proportional ...
Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [ 1 ] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [ 2 ] where I is the current through the conductor ...
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference (commonly known as voltage) in the lumped element model of electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [ 1 ] This generalized the work of Georg Ohm and preceded the work of James Clerk Maxwell.
Not to be confused with Split-phase electric power. Three-phase transformer with four-wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for neutral, others for A, B and C phases. Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3ϕ[ 1 ]) is a common type of alternating current (AC) used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. [ 2 ]
Mathematics of three-phase electric power. One voltage cycle of a three-phase system, labeled 0 to 360° (2π radians) along the time axis. The plotted line represents the variation of instantaneous voltage (or current) with respect to time. This cycle repeats with a frequency that depends on the power system.
The convention. [edit] The passive sign convention states that in components in which the conventional current variable i is defined as entering the device through the terminal which is positive as defined by the voltage variable v, [ 2 ][ 4 ] the power p and resistance r are given by [ 5 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] and. In components in which the current i is ...
As originally stated in terms of direct-current resistive circuits only, Thévenin's theorem states that "Any linear electrical network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals A–B by an equivalent combination of a voltage source Vth in a series connection with a resistance Rth."
Internal resistance. Internal resistance model of a source of voltage, where ε is the electromotive force of the source, R is the load resistance, V is the voltage drop across the load, I is the current delivered by the source, and r is the internal resistance. In electrical engineering, a practical electric power source which is a linear ...