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163 million (2017) [ 8 ] Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder [ 9 ] characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, [ 10 ] the term was ...
Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics [ 1 ] A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, is any of a group of conditions of mental and behavioral disorder [ 2 ] where the main underlying characteristic is a disturbance in the person's mood. [ 3 ] The classification is in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental ...
PHQ-9. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a depressive symptom scale and diagnostic tool introduced in 2001 to screen adult patients in primary care settings. The instrument assesses for the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and a possible depressive disorder. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] The PHQ-9 is a component of the larger ...
Dysthymia (/ dɪsˈθaɪmiə / dihs-THIY-mee-uh), also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), [ 3 ] is a mental and behavioral disorder, [ 5 ] specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. [ 3 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] The concept was ...
Low testosterone can affect many aspects of health, Samson adds—leading to a low sex drive, poor sleep, and mood changes—and is typically successfully treated with testosterone replacement ...
Mood stabilizer. A bottle of lithium capsules. Lithium is the prototypical mood stabilizer. A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Serotonin (/ ˌsɛrəˈtoʊnɪn, ˌsɪərə -/) [ 6 ][ 7 ][ 8 ] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. [ 9 ]
[100] [101] [102] A key difference between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder is the nature of the mood swings; in contrast to the sustained changes to mood over days to weeks or longer, those of the latter condition (more accurately called emotional dysregulation) are sudden and often short-lived, and secondary to social ...