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A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
Irreducible fraction. An irreducible fraction (or fraction in lowest terms, simplest form or reduced fraction) is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1 (and −1, when negative numbers are considered). [1] In other words, a fraction a b is irreducible if and only if a and ...
Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one that is simpler (usually shorter). Examples include: Simplification of algebraic expressions, in computer algebra. Simplification of boolean expressions i.e. logic optimization. Simplification by conjunction elimination in inference in logic yields a ...
These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.
Knuth's up-arrow notation. In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [1] In his 1947 paper, [2] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation ...
Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers n ≥ k ≥ 0 and is written It is the coefficient of the xk term in the polynomial expansion of the binomial power (1 + x)n; this coefficient can be computed by the multiplicative formula. which using factorial notation can be compactly expressed as.
Typically, in a polynomial expression, like terms are those that contain the same variables to the same powers, possibly with different coefficients. More generally, when some variable are considered as parameters, like terms are defined similarly, but "numerical factors" must be replaced by "factors depending only on the parameters".
Two-dimensional plot (red curve) of the algebraic equation . Elementary algebra, also known as college algebra, [1] encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic: arithmetic deals with specified numbers, [2] whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values). [3]