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The 1550 Textus Receptus (TR), which is the text upon which the King James Version is based; The Majority Text (M), based on what the majority of manuscripts say any given verse should be. The New King James Version translation uses the Textus Receptus, but footnotes each verse where there is a different Greek reading in the CT or M.
With the publication (1881) of Wescott and Hort text based on the vast number of new and ancient MSS, many new versions based on it appeared. This text was subsequently updated and revised many time as new discoveries were made and has become known as the Nestle-Arland text, now known as NA28 or USB5. [The SBLGNT is essentially the same text.]
The KJV text represent the bad textual tradition of Textus Receptus whose mss dated from the 12th Century or later, and only one came from outside the mainstream Byzantine tradition. Consequently, most modern scholars consider his text to be of dubious quality. The notorious Byzantine or Syrian text type is a very late and bad in quality.
The Alexandrian is a text type (as is the Byzantine). The documents contained in the Alexandrian text type are the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus. The Byzantine text type is the majority or received text. The septuagint is a greek translation of the Old Testament.
Dr. Robinson also explains the key differences between the Critical Text (e.g. NIV) and the Textus Receptus (KJV): The user should note that the Stephens 1550 TR edition does not agree with modern critical editions such as that published by the United Bible Societies or the various Nestle editions.
First of all, the Text Receptus (received texts) is older than the recent NU (which is something modern), however this last text (NU) uses older texts than the former. The Textus Receptus traces back the year 1516. The following verse (Matthews 1:25) is present in this edition of (after 12th century), which is:
The words, by Jesus Christ (A.V.), are not found in a great preponderance of textual authorities. SUMMARY The majority of the critical Greek texts do not have the phrase "by Jesus Christ" in Ephesians 3:9. The Codex Sinaiticus, one of the oldest and most authoritative Greek manuscripts in the world, does not have the phrase "by Jesus Christ" in ...
Codex Sinaiticus was made in the 4th century on parchment using capital letters (a manuscript in all capitals is called an "uncial"). It was discovered in the 19th century, surpassing Vaticanus as the most complete manuscript. Codex Sinaiticus is considered by most textual scholars of the New Testament to be the best complete manuscript.
The constructed text of an edition represents the hypothetical reconstruction of the initial text.” ([Editio Critica Maior] 2 Peter, 23) This edition helpfully acknowledges that reproducing an “autograph” of any New Testament writing is an impossible task, given available evidence.
One argument says that the version Peshitta used as base text the Textus Receptus for the New Testament and such translation was made in around the year 150. This argument suggests that the Textus Receptus is older than the critical text.