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Uterotonic properties, [5] nausea vomiting, and diarrhea, [12] contraindicated for pregnancy and breast feeding [12] Buckthorn bark and berry alder buckthorn Rhamnus frangula "abdominal pain, diarrhea, potentially carcinogenic, with others can potentiate cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmic agents" [3] Cascara sagrada bark bearberry Rhamnus ...
Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe. [ 1 ] Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. [ 2 ][ 3 ] It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny ...
Traditional uses of Sambucus involved berries, seeds, leaves, and flowers or component extracts. [13] Ornamental varieties of Sambucus are grown in gardens for their showy flowers, fruits and lacy foliage which support habitat for wildlife. [14] Of the many native species, three are used as ornamentals: S. canadensis, S. nigra, and S. racemosa ...
For comparisons, assuming S. nigra has levels of no more than 25 micrograms of cyanogenic glycosides/milligram of berry weight, [11] assuming all of the glycosides were converted to cyanide, and assuming a toxicity of 50 mg for a 50 kg vertebrate, [12] one would need to eat 2 kilograms (~4.4 pounds) of berries in one sitting to reach the lower ...
Sambucus cerulea is a large, deciduous shrub, which can grow to be 9 metres (30 feet) in height and 6 m (20 ft) in width. It normally grows rather wildly from several stems, which can be heavily pruned (or even cut to the ground) during winter dormancy. The leaves are hairless, strongly pointed and sharp-toothed.
Sambucus racemosa is often a treelike shrub growing 2–6 m (7–20 ft) tall. The stems are soft with a pithy center. Each individual leaf is composed of 5 to 7 leaflike leaflets, each of which is up to 16 cm ( in) long, lance-shaped to narrowly oval, and irregularly serrated along the edges. The leaflets have a strong disagreeable odor when ...
Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13] Rotavirus is a less common cause in adults due to acquired immunity. [27] Norovirus is the cause in about 18% of all cases. [28] Generally speaking, viral gastroenteritis accounts for 21–40% of the cases of infectious diarrhea in developed countries. [29]
Staphylococcal enteritis. Staphylococcal enteritis is an inflammation that is usually caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with staph enterotoxin. The toxin, not the bacterium, settles in the small intestine and causes inflammation and swelling. This in turn can cause abdominal pain, cramping, dehydration, diarrhea and fever.