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Shadoof or shaduf comes from the Arabic word شادوف, šādūf. It is also called a lift, [4] well pole, well sweep, or simply a sweep in the US. [2] A less common English translation is swape. [3] Picotah (or picota) is a Portuguese loan word. It is also called a jiégāo (桔槹) in Chinese.
The first known crane machine was the shaduf, a water-lifting device that was invented in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and then appeared in ancient Egyptian technology. Construction cranes later appeared in ancient Greece , where they were powered by men or animals (such as donkeys), and used for the construction of buildings.
The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS/2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008.
HTML Form format HTML 4.01 Specification since PDF 1.5; HTML 2.0 since 1.2 Forms Data Format (FDF) based on PDF, uses the same syntax and has essentially the same file structure, but is much simpler than PDF since the body of an FDF document consists of only one required object. Forms Data Format is defined in the PDF specification (since PDF 1.2).
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The sāqiyah might, according to Ananda Coomaraswamy, have been invented in India, where the earliest reference to it is found in the Panchatantra (c. 3rd century BCE), where it was known as an araghaṭṭa; [21] which is a combination or the words ara (speedy or a spoked[wheel]) and ghaṭṭa "pot" [22] in Sanskrit.
Sargent made several trips to Egypt, Greece and Turkey as part of a project commissioned by the Boston Public Library to explore the origin of Western religion through art. Whilst in Egypt, he created this canvas in 1890–91, depicting a group of locals drinking or collecting water from the Nile which had been raised to the bank by a shaduf. [1]
Chinampa (Nahuatl languages: chināmitl [tʃiˈnaːmitɬ]) is a technique used in Mesoamerican agriculture which relies on small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico.