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Therefore, all patients receiving TPN must also receive biotin at the recommended daily dose, especially if TPN therapy is expected to last more than 1 week. All hospital pharmacies currently include biotin in TPN preparations. [2] Protein deficiency (not certain): A shortage of proteins involved in biotin homeostasis can cause biotin deficiency.
Signs of a biotin deficiency may appear gradually, per the NIH. In the later stages, a biotin deficiency can cause: Hair thinning. Hair loss. A scaly, red rash around orifices. Dry, red eyes ...
Discover what this essential B vitamin can do for your body and whether you need more in your diet.
Subclinical deficiency can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning, brittle fingernails, or skin rash, typically on the face. [2] [4] Aside from inadequate dietary intake (rare), biotin deficiency can be caused by a genetic disorder that affects biotin metabolism. The most common among these is biotinidase deficiency.
Mutations in the BTD gene cause biotinidase deficiency. Biotinidase is the enzyme that is made by the BTD gene. Many mutations that cause the enzyme to be nonfunctional or to be produced at extremely low levels have been identified. Biotin is a vitamin that is chemically bound to proteins. (Most vitamins are only loosely associated with proteins.)
Biotin, a B vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, egg yolks, and milk. It is essential for the normal production and breakdown of proteins , fats , and carbohydrates in the body. Mutations in the HLCS gene reduce the activity of holocarboxylase synthetase, preventing cells from using biotin effectively and disrupting many cellular functions.
Side effects may only last for a short time and then go away. Side effects can be relieved in some cases with non pharmacological treatment. [4] Some side effects require treatment to correct potentially serious and sometimes fatal reactions to penicillin. Penicillin has not been found to cause birth defects. [5]
The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine. [2] Other causes can include infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus or the cause may remain unknown. [3] [4] Risk factors include HIV/AIDS and systemic lupus erythematosus. [2]