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Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis ...
Along the Motagua Fault trace (1976 Guatemala earthquake) where it crosses the Gualán soccer field. This zigzag type of fault trace is known as "mole track", which is best developed in hard-packed, brittle surface materials. The San Andreas fault trace runs along the base of the Temblor Range of mountains near Bakersfield, California. (The ...
A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
A tectonic earthquake begins by an initial rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture dimensions of the smallest earthquakes, suggesting that it is smaller than 100 m while other evidence, such as a slow component revealed by low-frequency spectra of some earthquakes, suggest ...
The historical approach for Fault discovery is periodic diagnostic testing, which eliminates the following operational availability penalty. A v a i l a b i l i t y R e d u c t i o n = T o t a l T i m e T o t a l T i m e + M a i n t e n a n c e D o w n T i m e {\displaystyle Availability\ Reduction={\frac {Total\ Time}{Total\ Time+Maintenance ...
Fault mechanics is a field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults. Behind every good earthquake is some weak rock. Whether the rock remains weak becomes an important point in determining the potential for bigger earthquakes.
Diastrophism by 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Diastrophism is the process of deformation of the Earth's crust which involves folding and faulting.Diastrophism can be considered part of geotectonics.
A detachment fault is a gently dipping normal fault associated with large-scale extensional tectonics. [1] Detachment faults often have very large displacements (tens of km) and juxtapose unmetamorphosed hanging walls against medium to high-grade metamorphic footwalls that are called metamorphic core complexes .