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The Neer impingement test was created by orthopedic surgeon Charles S. Neer, II, MD, in 1972, based on what he observed as he performed shoulder operations. He noted that there was a significant degeneration in the supraspinatus tendon.
Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instability, locking, pain, paresthesias (burning sensation), stiffness, swelling, and ...
The range of motion at the shoulder may be limited by pain. A painful arc of movement may be present during forward elevation of the arm from 60° to 120°. [4] Passive movement at the shoulder will appear painful when a downward force is applied at the acromion but the pain will ease once the force is removed. [2]
To evaluate a shoulder injury The Hawkins–Kennedy Test is a test used in the evaluation of orthopedic shoulder injury. It was first described in the 1980s by Canadians R. Hawkins and J. Kennedy, and a positive test is most likely indicative of damage to the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle .
[2] [3] [4] The examiner places the stabilizing hand on the proximal portion of the humerus near the bicipital groove, and the resistance hand on the distal forearm and wrist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The patient is instructed to actively supinate the forearm, externally rotate the humerus, and flex the elbow against the resistance of the examiner.
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Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (alternative spelling orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. [1] Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma , spine diseases , sports injuries , degenerative diseases , infections, tumors , and ...
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