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EN 15655:2009 – Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories – Internal polyurethane lining for pipes and fittings – Requirements and test methods EN 877:1999/A1:2006 – Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories for the evacuation of water from buildings – Requirements, test methods and quality assurance
Ductile iron is used in many piano harps (the iron plates which anchor piano strings). Ductile iron is used for vises. Previously, regular cast iron or steel was commonly used. The properties of ductile iron make it a significant upgrade in strength and durability from cast iron without having to use steel, which is expensive and has poor ...
Fittings are also used to split or join a number of pipes together, and for other purposes. A broad variety of standardized pipe fittings are available; they are generally broken down into either a tee, an elbow, a branch, a reducer/enlarger, or a wye. Valves control fluid flow and regulate pressure.
Because these fittings are not as stiff as traditional cast-iron fittings, the heavy pipe segments may need better anchoring and support to prevent unwanted movement. [21]: 150 The lighter rubber fittings may not muffle sound as well as the heavy cast-iron fittings.
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA ( Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association ), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South Carolina .
Cast iron pipe was superseded by ductile iron pipe, which is a direct development, with most existing manufacturing plants transitioning to the new material during the 1970s and 1980s. Ductile iron pipe is different than cast iron, because the introduction of magnesium during the casting process causes the graphite to form spheres (graphite ...
Steel is used extremely widely in all types of structures, due to its relatively low cost, high strength-to-weight ratio and speed of construction. Steel is a ductile material, which will behave elastically until it reaches yield (point 2 on the stress–strain curve), when it becomes plastic and will fail in a ductile manner (large strains, or ...
18" ductile iron gravity sewer pipe being installed within 30" steel encasement. Steel casing pipe protects one or many of various types of utilities such as water mains, gas pipes, electrical power cables, fiber-optic cables, etc.