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Bowers with William H. Fitzgerald had invented "Zone therapy", a form of reflexology. In 1917, they collaborated on a book titled Zone Therapy. [1] It has been widely criticized as there is no evidence it is beneficial for any medical condition and has been dismissed as quackery.
Reflexology, also known as zone therapy, is an alternative medical practice involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feet, ears, and hands. This is done using thumb, finger, and hand massage techniques without the use of oil or lotion.
[2] Although some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, insomnia, low back pain, migraines, and constipation, among other things, such studies have been found to have a high likelihood of bias. [3] There is no reliable evidence for the effectiveness of acupressure.
Auriculotherapy (also auricular therapy, ear acupuncture, and auriculoacupuncture) is a form of alternative medicine based on the idea that the ear is a micro system and an external organ, which reflects the entire body, represented on the auricle, the outer portion of the ear.
The Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing, [g] which was published in the mid-3rd century, became the oldest acupuncture book that is still in existence in the modern era. [28] Other books like the Yu Gui Zhen Jing , [ h ] written by the Director of Medical Services for China, were also influential during this period, but were not preserved. [ 28 ]
James Randi (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge; August 7, 1928 – October 20, 2020) was a Canadian-American stage magician, author, and scientific skeptic who extensively challenged paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. [1]
Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) describes a broad class of manual therapy techniques directed at improving musculoskeletal function or joint function, and improving pain. . METs are commonly used by manual therapists, physical therapists, occupational therapist, chiropractors, athletic trainers, osteopathic physicians, and massage therapists
The usefulness of red laser, laser acupuncture, and reflexology in the treatment of RA patients is not well enough demonstrated. [ 58 ] A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence for pain reduction in osteoarthritis . [ 15 ]