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Central cyanosis occurs due to decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and begins to show once the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood reaches a concentration of ≥ 5.0 g/dL (≥ 3.1 mmol/L or oxygen saturation of ≤ 85%). [4] This indicates a cardiopulmonary condition. [1] Causes of central cyanosis are discussed below.
Acrocyanosis may be a sign of a more serious medical problem, such as connective tissue diseases and diseases associated with central cyanosis. Other causative conditions include infections, toxicities, antiphospholipid syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, neoplasms. In these cases, the observed cutaneous changes are known as "secondary acrocyanosis".
Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low oxygen levels in the blood. This term has traditionally been applied to cyanosis as a result of:. [1] Cyanotic heart disease, which is a category of congenital heart defect that results in low levels of oxygen in the blood. [2]
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs. [2] [3] When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic ...
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [4]
Blanching of the fingers is also one of the most clinically evident signs of Raynaud's phenomenon. [ 1 ] Blanching is prevented in gangrene as the red blood corpuscles are extravasated and impart red color to the gangrenous part.
Cyanosis, a bluish tinge of the extremities (peripheral cyanosis), or of tongue (central cyanosis) [4] Pursed-lip breathing [5] Accessory muscle use, including the scalene and intercostal muscles [5] Diaphragmatic breathing, paradoxical movement of the diaphragm outwards during inspiration; Intercostal indrawing
Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [1] Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. [1] The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. [2] Often, numbness or pain occurs. [2] As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. [2]