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The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought towards it. It is weaker than Earth's gravity due to the planet's smaller mass. The average gravitational acceleration on Mars is 3.728 m/s 2 (about 38% of the gravity of Earth) and it varies. [1]
The average duration of the day-night cycle on Mars — i.e., a Martian day — is 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35.244 seconds, [3] equivalent to 1.02749125 Earth days. [4] The sidereal rotational period of Mars—its rotation compared to the fixed stars—is 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22.66 seconds. [4]
Mars without (on left) and with a global dust storm in July 2001 (on right), including different visible water ice cloud covers, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. Mars has the largest dust storms in the Solar System, reaching speeds of over 160 km/h (100 mph). These can vary from a storm over a small area, to gigantic storms that cover the ...
Mars comes closer to Earth more than any other planet save Venus at its nearest—56 million km is the closest distance between Mars and Earth, whereas the closest Venus comes to Earth is 40 million km. Mars comes closest to Earth every other year, around the time of its opposition, when Earth is sweeping between the Sun and Mars. Extra-close ...
1 × 10 −9 to 1 × 10 −8: 7 × 10 −10 to 7 × 10 −9: 1 × 10 −18 to 1 × 10 −17: Typical relative speed of continental drift. 10 −9: 1.3 × 10 −9: 4.7 × 10 −9: 2.9 × 10 −9: 4.3 × 10 −18: Average rate of the Moon receding from the Earth (approx. 38 mm/yr). [citation needed] 4.8 × 10 −9: 1.7 × 10 −8: 1.1 × 10 −8: ...
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Given Phobos' irregular shape and assuming that it is a pile of rubble (specifically a Mohr–Coulomb body), it will eventually break up due to tidal forces when it reaches approximately 2.1 Mars radii. [60] When Phobos is broken up, it will form a planetary ring around Mars. [61] This predicted ring may last from 1 million to 100 million years.
[1] [2] [a] It was a central concept in a number of ancient sciences, providing the framework for key measurements in astronomy, astrology and calendar-making. From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the Sun's movement around the celestial sphere over the course of a year traces out a path along the ecliptic against the background of ...