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Metastatic tumors are very common in the late stages of cancer. The spread of metastasis may occur via the blood or the lymphatics or through both routes. The most common sites of metastases are the lungs, liver, brain, and the bones [10]
Liver metastases can cause liver enlargement, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and weight loss. [7] Lung tumors often cause the release of body-altering hormones, which cause unusual symptoms, called paraneoplastic syndromes. [7] Inappropriate hormone release can cause dramatic shifts in concentrations of blood minerals.
A liver metastasis is a malignant tumor in the liver that has spread from another organ that is affected by cancer. The liver is a common site for metastatic disease because of its rich, dual blood supply (the liver receives blood via the hepatic artery and portal vein). Metastatic tumors in the liver are 20 times more common than primary liver ...
The dispersed tumors are called metastatic tumors, while the original is called the primary tumor. Almost all cancers can metastasize. [39] Most cancer deaths are due to cancer that has metastasized. [40] Metastasis is common in the late stages of cancer and it can occur via the blood or the lymphatic system or both. The typical steps in ...
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal [2] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
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Lung cancer staging is the assessment of the extent to which a lung cancer has spread from its original source. As with most cancers, staging is an important determinant of treatment and prognosis. In general, more advanced stages of cancer are less amenable to treatment and have a worse prognosis.