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The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, [f] was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Active hostilities began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for nearly eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 by both sides.
The Iraqi invasion of Iran began on 22 September 1980, sparking the Iran–Iraq War, and lasted until 5 December 1980. Ba'athist Iraq believed that Iran would not respond effectively due to internal socio-political turmoil caused by the country's Islamic Revolution one year earlier.
The Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980 was preceded by a long period of tension between the two countries throughout 1979 and 1980, including frequent border skirmishes, calls by Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini for the Shia Muslims in Iraq to revolt against the ruling Sunni Ba'ath Party, and allegations of Iraqi support for ethnic separatists in Iran.
The attack pressured Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year Iran-Iraq War. [6] Later, Iran sued the United States, claiming that the attacks had breached the countries' 1955 Treaty of Amity.
In September 1980, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launched a surprise attack against Iran and invaded Iranian territory on a broad front. [8] Iraq's initial plan to attack Abadan Island called for a reinforced armored division to cross the Shatt al-Arab near Kharkiya on the road heading from Baghdad to Basra and then head south to capture the cities of Khorramshahr and Abadan, and subsequently ...
17 April – Second Battle of al-Faw started to free the Al-Faw peninsula in southern Iraq, which has been under Iranian occupation for 2 years. The campaign was successful and by the 20th of April, the peninsula was under Iraqi control. [2] 8 August – The 8-year long Iran-Iraq war ends with the announcement of a ceasefire.
The Iran-Iraq war began in September 1980. [3] Before 1984, attacks against shipping had occurred, albeit on a much smaller scale. [4] In December 1980, UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim appealed to Iran and Iraq to ensure the security of peaceful shipping in the Gulf. [4]
Throughout the duration of the Iran–Iraq War, numerous efforts were made to halt hostilities and initiate discussions on the unresolved issues that precipitated the onset of the war; however, these endeavors proved unsuccessful. Iraq put forward a suggestion for a temporary suspension of hostilities lasting four days on 1 October 1980, a mere ...