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Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a broad variety of tumors including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and others. PCD is a rare condition that occurs in less than 1% of cancer patients.
LEMS is often associated with lung cancer (50–70%), specifically small-cell carcinoma, [4] making LEMS a paraneoplastic syndrome. [5] Of the people with small-cell lung cancer, 1–3% have LEMS. [3] In most of these cases, LEMS is the first symptom of the lung cancer, and it is otherwise asymptomatic. [3]
Symptomatic features of paraneoplastic syndrome cultivate in four ways: endocrine, neurological, mucocutaneous, and hematological.The most common presentation is a fever (release of endogenous pyrogens often related to lymphokines or tissue pyrogens), but the overall picture will often include several clinical cases observed which may specifically simulate more common benign conditions.
Leptomeningeal cancer is a rare complication of cancer in which the disease spreads from the original tumor site to the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. [1] This leads to an inflammatory response, hence the alternative names neoplastic meningitis (NM), malignant meningitis , or carcinomatous meningitis .
Success of treatment depends on the form and extent of the cancer and the aggressiveness of the therapy. Early detection offers the best chance for successful treatment. The heterogeneity of tumors makes drug development increasingly complex, especially as new causes are discovered. No cure for cancer in canines exist. [2] Some dog owners opt ...
For paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, the average age of onset is 50 years, generally affecting a greater population of males than females. [2] Nutritional and alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, being more prevalent than paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, affects individuals with a thiamine deficiency and dipsomaniacs, respectively. [2]
Definitive diagnosis is made by tumor biopsy. [12] Surgery is the most common method of treating peripheral nerve sheath tumors. [11] In malignant tumors, complete resection is the only known curative treatment (with a sufficiently wide margin or even amputation to improve prognosis). [12]
With treatment, the likelihood of hearing preservation varies inversely with the size of the tumor; for large tumors, preservation of hearing is rare. Because acoustic neuromas, meningiomas and most other CPA tumors are benign, slow growing or non-growing, and non-invasive, observation is a viable management option.