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Herodotus believed that the Phoenicians originated from Bahrain, [16] [17] a view shared centuries later by the historian Strabo. [18] This theory was accepted by the 19th-century German classicist Arnold Heeren, who noted that Greek geographers described "two islands, named Tyrus or Tylos, and Aradus, which boasted that they were the mother country of the Phoenicians, and exhibited relics of ...
The Phoenician city-states frequently rebelled against their Babylonian overlords, which resulted in almost yearly campaigns to repress the revolts. In 586 BC, fresh from the destruction of Jerusalem , Nebuchadnezzar and his army laid siege to Tyre , which had revolted.
The Phoenicians : the Purple Empire of the ancient world. Internet Archive. New York : Futura. ISBN 978-0-7088-1558-8. Edward Lipiński; Claude Baurain; Jacques Alexandropoulos, eds. (1992). Dictionnaire de la civilisation phénicienne et punique. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-50033-1. Moscati, Sabatino (1960). Ancient Semitic Civilizations ...
The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [5] They developed a maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in ...
Doak, Brian R., and Carolina López-Ruiz (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean, Oxford Handbooks (2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 12 Aug. 2019), Herm, Gerhard (1975). The Phoenicans The Purple Empire of the Ancient World. William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-688-02908-6.
The Ship Sarcophagus: a Phoenician ship carved on a sarcophagus, 2nd century AD. The theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas suggests that the earliest Old World contact with the Americas was not with Columbus or Norse settlers, but with the Phoenicians (or, alternatively, other Semitic peoples) in the first millennium BC. [1]
Carthage must be destroyed: the rise and fall of an ancient Mediterranean civilization. London: A. Lane. ISBN 9780713997934. Quinn, Josephine C. (2011). "Cultures of the Tophet: Identification and Identity in the Phoenician Diaspora". In Gruen, Erich S. (ed.). Cultural Identity in the Ancient Mediterranean.
Unlike other conquered territories, the main Phoenician cities were not renamed or refounded by their new Hellenistic leaders, and instead kept their traditional Phoenician names. [5] The Greek language, while incorporated into the territory, never completely replaced the Phoenician language, and the two seemed to coexist within the society.