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Throughout history, peoples on the territory of modern Kazakhstan had nomadic lifestyle, which developed and influenced Kazakh culture. Human activity in the region began with the extinct Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus one million–800,000 years ago in the Karatau Mountains and the Caspian and Balkhash areas.
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe. [1] Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world as well as the world's largest landlocked country, [2] it has a territory of 2,727,300 km 2 (greater than Western Europe).
Kazakhstan, [d] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, [e] is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a small portion situated in Eastern Europe. [f] It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea.
Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465.From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan province.
Detailed map of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia, with a small portion in Eastern Europe. [1] With an area of about 2,724,900 square kilometers (1,052,100 sq mi) Kazakhstan is more than twice the combined size of the other four Central Asian states and 60% larger than Alaska.
History of the central steppe has an outline history with links to the many peoples who lived in this area. In the VI-III vv. BC. e. the Iranian Sakas established their first state, whose center was in Jetisu. [14] In the mid 6th century, the Turkic nomads subordinated Jetisu, Central Kazakhstan, and Khorezm. [15]
Throughout history, Kazakhstan has been home to many nomadic societies of the Eurasian Steppe, including the Sakas (Scythian-related), the Xiongnu, the Western Turkic Khaganate, the Kimek–Kipchak Confederation, the Mongol Empire, the Golden Horde and the Kazakh Khanate, which was established in 1465. [41]
The Kazakhstan–Russia border [a] is the 7,598.6-kilometre (4,721.6 mi) international border between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. [2] It is the longest continuous international border in the world and the second longest by total length, after the Canada–United States border . [ 3 ]