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An immediately invoked function expression (or IIFE, pronounced "iffy", IPA /ˈɪf.i/) is a programming language idiom which produces a lexical scope using function scoping. It was popular in JavaScript [1] as a method of supporting modular programming before the introduction of more standardized solutions such as CommonJS and ES modules. [2]
Name resolution (including scope) varies between programming languages, and within a programming language, varies by type of entity; the rules for scope are called scope rules (or scoping rules). Together with namespaces , scope rules are crucial in modular programming , so a change in one part of the program does not break an unrelated part.
When assigning an identifier, JavaScript goes through exactly the same process to retrieve this identifier, except that if it is not found in the global scope, it will create the "variable" in the scope where it was created. [8] As a consequence, a variable never declared will be global, if assigned.
The set of all global variables is known as the global environment or global state. In compiled languages, global variables are generally static variables, whose extent (lifetime) is the entire runtime of the program, though in interpreted languages (including command-line interpreters), global variables are generally dynamically allocated when ...
The specific uses vary across different programming languages with the notions of scoping. In many languages, the scope resolution operator is written :: . In some languages, notably those influenced by Modula-3 (including Python and Go ), modules are objects , and scope resolution within modules is a special case of usual object member access ...
Local variables may have a lexical or dynamic scope, though lexical (static) scoping is far more common.In lexical scoping (or lexical scope; also called static scoping or static scope), if a variable name's scope is a certain block, then its scope is the program text of the block definition: within that block's text, the variable name exists, and is bound to the variable's value, but outside ...
In the Java programming language, identifiers that appear in namespaces have a short (local) name and a unique long "qualified" name for use outside the namespace. Some compilers (for languages such as C++ ) combine namespaces and names for internal use in the compiler in a process called name mangling .
In programming language theory, a non-local variable is a variable that is not defined in the local scope. While the term can refer to global variables, it is primarily used in the context of nested and anonymous functions where some variables can be in neither the local nor the global scope. In Lua they are called the upvalues of the function. [1]