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"Theories of the Atonement" from Hodge's Systematic Theology (part 3, chapter 9), discussing other theories of the atonement from the Calvinist/Lutheran perspective "Christ Our Penal Substitute" by R. L. Dabney Archived 2005-10-29 at the Wayback Machine "The Atonement" by John Murray "The Nature of the Atonement" by John Murray
The recapitulation theory of the atonement is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ.. While it is sometimes absent from summaries of atonement theories, [1] more comprehensive overviews of the history of the atonement doctrine typically include a section about the “recapitulation” view of the atonement, which was first clearly ...
Other theories include recapitulation theory, the "shared atonement" theory [12] and scapegoat theory. Additional views include the governmental view, penal substitution view, and substitutionary atonement; Prāyaścitta, the practice in Hinduism where a person practices rites to undo their sins, such as meditation and pilgrimages.
[web 22] Similarly, Mark M. Mattison, in his article The Meaning of the Atonement says, "Substitution implies an "either/or"; participation implies a "both/and."" [web 23] J. Kenneth Grider, quoted above showing the compatibility of various atonement models with the governmental theory, nevertheless also says that both penal substitution and ...
In Christian theology, atonement refers to the forgiving or pardoning of sin through the death by crucifixion of Jesus Christ which made possible the reconciliation between God and creation. Within Christianity there are numerous technical theories for how such atonement might work, including the ransom theory , the Abelardian theory , and the ...
The moral influence or moral example theory of atonement, developed or most notably propagated by Abelard (1079–1142), [1] [2] [note 1] is an alternative to Anselm's satisfaction theory of atonement. [1] Abelard focused on changing man's perception of God as not offended, harsh, and judgmental, but as loving. [1]
Substitutionary atonement has been explicated in the "classic paradigm" of the Early Church Fathers, namely the ransom theory, [2] as well as in Gustaf Aulen's demystified reformulation, the Christus Victor theory; [2] [note 1] and in the "objective paradigm," which includes Anselm of Canterbury's satisfaction theory, [3] the Reformed period's ...
The ransom theory of atonement is a theory in Christian theology as to how the process of Atonement in Christianity had happened. It therefore accounts for the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ. It is one of a number of historical theories, and was mostly popular between the 4th and 11th centuries, with little support in recent times.