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A major polycarbonate market is the production of compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. [13] These discs are produced by injection-molding polycarbonate into a mold cavity that has on one side a metal stamper containing a negative image of the disc data, while the other mold side is a mirrored surface.
Figure 1: Comparative Costs and Production Volumes For Processing of Plastics. The economics of plastics processing is determined by the type of process.Plastics can be processed with the following methods: machining, compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding, thermoforming, casting, forging, and foam molding.
Simplified diagram of the process Injection moulding (U.S. spelling: injection molding ) is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould, or mold . Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting ), glasses , elastomers ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
The polymer solution casting process utilizes a mandrel, or inner diameter mold, that is immersed in a tank of polymer solution or liquid plastic that has been specifically engineered for the process. Due to a combination of thermal and frictional properties, the polymer solution then forms a thin film around the mold. [1]
0.1-3: Assist in forming/molding the plastic, includes processing aids (or flow aids), release agents, slip additives: Hazardous PFASs. Paraffin wax, wax esters, metal stearates (i.e. zinc stearate), long-chain fatty acid amides (oleamide, erucamide) Very common. All examples form a coating between the plastic and machine parts during production.
Besides plastics production, plastics engineering is an important part of the industrial sector. The latter field is dominated by engineering plastic as raw material because of its better mechanical and thermal properties than the more widely used commodity plastics .
The blow molding process begins with softening plastic by heating a preform or parison. The parison is a tube-like piece of plastic with a hole in one end through which compressed air can enter. The plastic workpiece is then clamped into a mold and air is blown into it. The air pressure inflates the plastic which conforms to the mold.