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The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946.
The traditional alphabet has always been used there, although Cyrillic was considered briefly before the Sino-Soviet split. [134] There are two types of written Mongolian used in China: the traditional Mongolian script, which is official among Mongols nationwide, and the Clear Script, used predominantly among Oirats in Xinjiang. [135]
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mongolian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The dialect used in this chart is Khalkha Mongolian. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
In the Mongolian version of the Latin alphabet, there were additional letters ɵ (Cyrillic: ө), ç (ч), ş (ш) and ƶ (ж); Y corresponded to the Cyrillic ү. K transliterated the sound that would later come to be represented in Cyrillic by х in native Mongolian words.
The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, to design a new script for use by the whole empire.
In the Mongolian Unicode block, ɣ/g comes after q/k and before m. May turn silent between vowels, and merge these into a long vowel or diphthong. [ 2 ] : 36–37 For more details on this, see Mongolian script multigraphs .
Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/; [8] [9] Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/. [10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.[11] [4]Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and ɣ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, ɣ, d).
Transcribes Chakhar /m/; [9] [10] Khalkha /m/. [11]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter м.[6] [5]Derived from Old Uyghur mem (). [3]: 539–540 ...