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2. Trinucleotide repeat expansion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleotide_repeat_expansion

   During DNA replication, the strand being synthesized can misalign with its template strand due to the dynamic nature and flexibility of these triplet repeats. [24] This slippage allows for the strand to find a stable intermediate amongst itself through base pairing, forming a secondary structure other than a duplex.

3. Slipped strand mispairing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped_strand_mispairing

   Slipped strand mispairing (SSM, also known as replication slippage) is a mutation process which occurs during DNA replication. It involves denaturation and displacement of the DNA strands, resulting in mispairing of the complementary bases. Slipped strand mispairing is one explanation for the origin and evolution of repetitive DNA sequences. [1]

4. Microsatellite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatellite

   DNA strand slippage during replication of an STR locus. Boxes symbolize repetitive DNA units. Arrows indicate the direction in which a new DNA strand (white boxes) is being replicated from the template strand (black boxes). Three situations during DNA replication are depicted. (a) Replication of the STR locus has proceeded without a mutation.

5. Replicon (genetics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicon_(genetics)

   The initiator is the protein that recognizes the replicator and activates replication initiation. [1] Sometimes in bacteriology, the term "replicon" is only used to refer to chromosomes containing a single origin of replication and therefore excludes the genomes of archaea and eukaryotes which can have several origins. [2]

6. Repeated sequence (DNA) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeated_sequence_(DNA)

   Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome.In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. [1]

7. Tandem repeat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_repeat

   All tandem repeat arrays are classifiable as satellite DNA, a name originating from the fact that tandem DNA repeats, by nature of repeating the same nucleotide sequences repeatedly, have a unique ratio of the two possible nucleotide base pair combinations, conferring them a specific mass density that allows them to be separated from the rest of the genome with density-based laboratory ...

8. Recurrent evolution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_evolution

   Recurrent evolution also referred to as repeated [1] [2] or replicated [3] evolution is the repeated evolution of a particular trait, character, or mutation. [4] Most evolution is the result of drift, often interpreted as the random chance of some alleles being passed down to the next generation and others not.

9. Copy number variation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation

   Mutations accumulate through time in the genes and with natural selection acting on the genes, some mutations lead to environmental advantages allowing those genes to be inherited and eventually clear gene families are separated out. An example of a gene family that may have been created due to copy number variations is the globin gene