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A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]
In the mitochondrion, the matrix is the space within the inner membrane. The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm. The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, soluble enzymes, small organic molecules, nucleotide cofactors, and inorganic ions. [1]
216151 Ensembl ENSG00000099821 ENSMUSG00000020329 UniProt O00411 Q8BKF1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005035 NM_172551 RefSeq (protein) NP_005026 NP_766139 NP_001394721 NP_001394722 NP_001394723 NP_001394724 NP_001394725 NP_001394726 NP_001394727 NP_001394728 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 0.62 – 0.63 Mb Chr 10: 79.57 – 79.58 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse DNA-directed RNA ...
The ATP synthase isolated from bovine (Bos taurus) heart mitochondria is, in terms of biochemistry and structure, the best-characterized ATP synthase. Beef heart is used as a source for the enzyme because of the high concentration of mitochondria in cardiac muscle. Their genes have close homology to human ATP synthases. [32] [33] [34]
Citrate synthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1 (previously 4.1.3.7)) is an enzyme that exists in nearly all living cells. It functions as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle). [5] Citrate synthase is located within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than
NAD + to NADH. FMN to FMNH 2. CoQ to CoQH 2.. Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.There are three energy-transducing enzymes in the electron transport chain - NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase (complex III), and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). [1]
Oxidative phosphorylation in the eukaryotic mitochondrion is the best-understood example of this process. The mitochondrion is present in almost all eukaryotes, with the exception of anaerobic protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis that instead reduce protons to hydrogen in a remnant mitochondrion called a hydrogenosome. [16]
217 11669 Ensembl ENSG00000111275 ENSMUSG00000029455 UniProt P05091 P47738 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001204889 NM_000690 NM_009656 NM_001308450 RefSeq (protein) NP_000681 NP_001191818 NP_001295379 NP_033786 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 111.77 – 111.82 Mb Chr 5: 121.7 – 121.73 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is ...