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Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]
6% (< 60 years old), 20% (> 60 years old) [4] Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [5] Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [1] Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [1]
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
Schilling test. The Schilling test was a medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency. [1] The purpose of the test was to determine how well a patient is able to absorb B12 from their intestinal tract. The test is now considered obsolete and is rarely performed, and is no longer available at many medical centers.
People with pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease where the body can’t make enough healthy red blood cells, may also benefit from a B12 supplement, the NIH says.
As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. [1] [2] Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia. [3] [4] It is given by injection into a muscle or vein, [2] by pill or sublingually. Side effects are generally few. [2]
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
Intrinsic factor (IF), cobalamin binding intrinsic factor, [5] also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells (in humans) or chief cells (in rodents) of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 12 later on in the distal ileum of the small intestine. [6]
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