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Philosophy in classical Greece is the ultimate origin of the Western conception of the nature of things. [8] According to Aristotle, the philosophical study of human nature itself originated with Socrates, who turned philosophy from study of the heavens to study of the human things. [12] Though leaving no written works, Socrates is said to have studied the question of how a person should best ...
A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hopes of reward after death.
Existentialism. Existentialism is a family of views and forms of philosophical inquiry that explore the meaning, purpose, and value of the existence of the human individual. [1][2] Common concepts in existentialist thought include existential crises, dread, and anxiety in the face of an absurd world; living with authenticity and courage; and ...
According to a note from Marx in the Manuscripts of 1844, the term is derived from Ludwig Feuerbach 's philosophy, in which it refers both to the nature of each human and of humanity as a whole. [1] In the sixth Theses on Feuerbach (1845), Marx criticizes the traditional conception of human nature as a species which incarnates itself in each ...
Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand. She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute". [1] Rand first expressed Objectivism in her fiction, most notably The Fountainhead ...
A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects (1739–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. [ 1 ] The Treatise is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism. In ...
Marx's Concept of Man is a 1961 book about Karl Marx's theory of human nature by the psychoanalyst Erich Fromm. The work sold widely thanks to the popularity of Marx's early writings, which was a product of the existentialism of the 1940s.
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