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Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. Learn about the different types of photosynthesis, the reactions involved, and the role of photosynthesis in the Earth's climate and life.
Photoautotrophism is the ability of organisms to use light energy and inorganic compounds to produce organic materials. Learn about the origin, types, and examples of photoautotrophs, such as plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and anoxygenic bacteria.
Photorespiration is a process in plant metabolism that lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by oxygenating RuBP instead of carboxylating it. Learn about the simplified photorespiration cycle, the enzymes involved, the costs and benefits, and the conditions that affect photorespiration.
The chemical pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis fixes carbon in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions.. The light-dependent reactions capture light energy to transfer electrons from water and convert NADP +, ADP, and inorganic phosphate into the energy-storage molecules NADPH and ATP.
Photosystems are protein complexes that perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Learn about the two kinds of photosystems (PSI and PSII), their reaction centers, antenna complexes, cofactors, and roles in oxygenic photosynthesis.
Photosystem II is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It splits water molecules to produce oxygen and protons, and transfers electrons to plastoquinone and NADP+. Learn about its structure, function, cofactors, and history.
P680 is a chlorophyll a dimer that is the reaction center of photosystem II in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs light energy, transfers an electron to a pheophytin, and oxidizes water to produce oxygen.
Learn how plants and algae convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis, and how this efficiency varies depending on factors such as light quality, intensity, and respiration. Compare the typical and optimal efficiencies of different plants and biofuel crops.