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This led to an Achaemenid campaign against mainland Greece known as the Greco-Persian Wars, which lasted the first half of the 5th century BC, and is known as one of the most important wars in European history. In the First Persian invasion of Greece, the Persian general Mardonius re-subjugated Thrace and made Macedon a full part of Persia. [61]
The Persian language belongs to the western group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Modern Persian is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire, itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was used by the time of the Achaemenid Empire.
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [17] also known as the Persian Empire [17] or First Persian Empire [18] (/ ə ˈ k iː m ə n ɪ d /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [19] or 'The Kingdom' [20]), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) Facing the possibility of a Russian conquest of Tehran and with Tabriz already occupied, Persia signed the Treaty of Turkmenchay; decisive and final cession of the last Caucasian territories of Iran comprising modern-day Armenia, the remainder of the Azerbaijan Republic that was still in Iranian hands, and Igdir ...
Persian Wikipedia (Persian: ویکیپدیای فارسی, romanized: Wīkipediāī Fārsī) is the Persian language version of Wikipedia. The Persian version of Wikipedia was started in December 2003. As of February 2025, it has 1,029,695 articles, 1,373,787 registered users, and 95,905 files, and it is the 19th largest edition of Wikipedia ...
Although Darius the Great called his language arya-("Iranian"), [25] modern scholars refer to it as Old Persian [25] because it is the ancestor of the modern Persian language. [26] The trilingual inscription erected by the command of Shapur I gives a more clear description. The languages used are Parthian, Middle Persian, and Greek.
Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
The title was used in its Persian form (šāhān šāh) after Greek ceased being used. [64] The first Parthian capital was at Nisa in Parthia. In 217 BC, the capital was moved to Qumis and in 50 BC a multi-capital system was established, with royal residences at Ctesiphon , Ecbatana , and Ray .