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Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist. [2] He made serendipitous discoveries of two cell organelles, peroxisomes and lysosomes, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Albert Claude and George E. Palade ("for their discoveries concerning the structural and ...
In 1972, he and his wife discovered a new type of peroxisomes from the intestinal epithelium of rat, which they named "microperoxisome". [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 12 ] [ 25 ] His works in cell biology are best summed up in a textbook he wrote with his student Eric Holtzman, Cells and Organelles , first published in 1970.
A lysosome (/ ˈ l aɪ s ə ˌ s oʊ m /) is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. [1] [2] They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins and its lumenal proteins.
Up to this time, lysosomes, discovered in the 1950s by the Belgian cytologist Christian de Duve, were thought responsible for the complete digestion of intra- and extracellular proteins by the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. Between the 1970s and 1980s, this view drastically changed.
Christian de Duve, discovered mammalian lysosomes using biochemical methods in the mid 1970’s. de Duve named lysosomes based on their biochemical properties (from the Greek lysis- digestive and soma-body). Their physical form was confirmed shortly later by electron microscopy.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles , food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria . Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides , Lysosomes are optimally active in an acidic environment.
lysosome: breakdown of large molecules (e.g., proteins + polysaccharides) single-membrane compartment: animals melanosome: pigment storage: single-membrane compartment: animals mitosome: probably plays a role in Iron–sulfur cluster (Fe–S) assembly: double-membrane compartment: a few unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria myofibril ...
The different types of endocytosis. Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials.