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Moctezuma Xocoyotzin [N.B. 1] (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), retroactively referred to in European sources as Moctezuma II, [N.B. 2] was the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica Empire), [1] reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520.
Moctezuma then went on to extend the boundaries of the Aztec empire beyond the Valley of México to the Gulf Coast, known as the "Sea of the Sky", for the first time, subjugating the Huastec people and Totonac peoples and thereby gaining access to exotic goods such as cocoa, rubber, cotton, fruits, feathers, and seashells. [12]
La Noche Triste ("The Night of Sorrows", literally "The Sad Night") was an important event during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, wherein Hernán Cortés, his army of Spanish conquistadors, and their native allies were driven out of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.
Thus the Aztec Empire had its largest geographical extent when the Spaniards arrived in 1519. Some sources claim that Moctezuma II, and the Aztecs, believed the arriving Spanish to be linked to the supposed return of an exiled god, Quetzlcoatl , who was supposed to return pale and bearded.
The meeting of Hernán Cortés and Emperor Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin, or Moctezuma — never Montezuma with an "n" — was akin to the meeting of two alien species. The Spaniards, as the victors of ...
Aztec Empire's territorial organization in 1519. Originally, the Aztec empire was a loose alliance between three cities: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and the most junior partner, Tlacopan. As such, they were known as the 'Triple Alliance.' This political form was very common in Mesoamerica, where alliances of city-states were ever fluctuating.
[44] [45] In the Valley of Oaxaca, which was invaded Moctezuma's forces in the 1450s, the Aztec Empire would oppress the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples, who they would also require to pay tributes. [46] Motecuzoma I also consolidated the political structure of the Triple Alliance and the internal political organization of Tenochtitlan.
Moctezuma II Motēuczōma Xōcoyōtl: 1502–1520 [14] (18 years) Son of Axayacatl (1472–1481). Oversaw a period of centralization and strengthening of the Aztec Empire. Disciplined and highly successful ruler before he made contact with the Spaniards in 1519, whereafter the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire began. [14] [15] c. 1466–1520 ...