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The First Opium War broke out in 1839 between China and Britain and was fought over trading rights (including the right of free trade) and Britain's diplomatic status among Chinese officials. In the eighteenth century, China enjoyed a trade surplus with Europe, trading porcelain , silk , and tea in exchange for silver .
The First Opium War (Chinese: 第一次鴉片戰爭; pinyin: Dìyīcì yāpiàn zhànzhēng), also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.
Opium imports into China, 1650-1880. The Humen Smoke Suppression was an anti-smoking operation during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty in China, which took place in June 1839 under the auspices of Lin Zexu, then Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.With British traders importing large quantities of opium into China, the Qing government was forced to take strong measures to deal with the ...
Lin supervising the destruction of opium. In March 1839, Lin started to take measures that would eliminate the opium trade. [11] He was a formidable bureaucrat known for his competence and high moral standards, with an imperial commission from the Daoguang Emperor to halt the illegal importation of opium by the British.
William Jardine (24 February 1784 – 27 February 1843) was a Scottish opium trader and physician who co-founded the Hong Kong–based conglomerate Jardine, Matheson & Co. Educated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh , in 1802 Jardine obtained a diploma from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh .
He bans the trade of opium and writes a letter to Queen Victoria asking her to stop the illegal importation of opium; early July 1839 - a group of British merchant sailors in Kowloon became intoxicated after consuming rice liqueur.
3 June – Destruction of opium at Humen begins, casus belli for Britain to open the 3-year First Opium War against Qing dynasty China. 28 June – Coal mine explosion at St Hilda pit, South Shields, kills 51. [12] July – The first Royal Show (agricultural show) is held in Oxford. 4 July – Chartists riot in Birmingham. [10]
In 1839 matters came to a head when Chinese official Lin Zexu tried to end the opium trade altogether by destroying a large amount of opium in Canton, thereby triggering the First Opium War. In response to Zexu's actions, in January 1841 the Royal Navy bombarded Chinese positions near Canton and landed troops ashore in several locations.