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Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO 2. It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores.
Cerium oxide: Nanoscale cerium oxide is used in electronics, biomedical supplies, energy, and fuel additives. Many applications of engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles naturally disperse themselves into the environment, which increases the risk of exposure.
Major automotive applications for cerium(III) oxide are as a catalytic converter for the oxidation of CO and NO x emissions in the exhaust gases from motor vehicles, [1] [2] and secondly, cerium oxide finds use as a fuel additive to diesel fuels, which results in increased fuel efficiency and decreased hydrocarbon derived particulate matter ...
Cerium(IV) oxide ("ceria") has the fluorite structure, similarly to the dioxides of praseodymium and terbium. Ceria is a nonstoichiometric compound, meaning that the real formula is CeO 2-x, where x is about 0.2. Thus, the material is not perfectly described as Ce(IV). Ceria reduces to cerium(III) oxide with hydrogen gas. [3]
Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (known alternatively as gadolinia-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GCO), cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO), or cerium(IV) oxide, gadolinium-doped, formula Gd:CeO 2) is a ceramic electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).
Cerium oxide is a potent mixed conductor. [1] Mixed conductors, also known as mixed ion-electron conductors (MIEC), are a single-phase material that has significant conduction ionically and electronically. [1] [2] [3] Due to the mixed conduction, a formally neutral species can transport in a solid and therefore mass storage and redistribution ...
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been shown to be very good at catalyzing the decomposition of unburnt hydrocarbons and other small particle emissions due to their high surface area to volume ratio, as well as lowering the pressure within the combustion chamber of engines to increase engine efficiency and curb NO x emissions. [44]
The main disadvantage of the stoichiometric ceria cycle lies in the fact that the reduction reaction temperature of cerium(IV) oxide is at the same range of the melting temperature (1,687–2,230 °C) of cerium(IV) oxide (), [5] which in the end results in some melting and sublimation of the material, which can produce reactor failures such as ...