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Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things). [28]: 1451 Climate is the statistical characterization of the climate system.
Earth systems and examples of Earth system interactions across mountain belts. Earth system interactions across mountain belts are interactions between processes occurring in the different systems or "spheres" of the Earth, as these influence and respond to each other through time.
The Gaia hypothesis (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ. ə /), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. [23] This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water.
The operational wavelength can be any wavelength sensitive to the underlying particle sizes. In general, aerosol return improves at lower wavelengths in the UV band. Nevertheless, the lidar signal gets more sensitive to air molecules in the UV band, and an expected aerosol-to-molecule backscatter ratio is harder to be met.
The Big Bang theory, which explains the Evolution of the Universe from a hot and dense state, is widely accepted by physicists.. In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system.
Bumi may refer to: Bumi River of Papua New Guinea; Bumi Hills, a group of hills and a resort in Zimbabwe; Bumi Thomas, a British-Nigerian musician; Bumi Resources, a mining company of Indonesia; Asia Resource Minerals, formerly known as Bumi plc, an international mining group; The name of two characters in Avatar: The Last Airbender and The ...
The types of Mutlaq water are as follows: [8] Kurr water: is a certain quantity of Mutlaq water (480 kg) that does not become Najis (impure) if it comes in contact with Najis things, also Kurr water can purge Najis things.