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Caligae, heavy-soled military shoes or sandals which were worn by Roman legionary soldiers and auxiliaries throughout the history of the Roman Republic and Empire. The focale, a scarf worn by the Roman legionary to protect the neck from chafing caused by constant contact with the soldier's armor
An original caliga found at Qasr Ibrim, Egypt, c. 1st century BC – 1st century AD. Caligae (sg.: caliga) are heavy-duty, thick-soled openwork boots, with hobnailed soles. They were worn by the lower ranks of Roman cavalrymen and foot-soldiers, and possibly by some centurions. [1]
Focalia worn by cavalry troopers and some infantry on a panel from Trajan's Column. The focale (plural focalia), also known as a sudarium ("sweat cloth"), [1] was a woolen or linen scarf worn by ancient Roman military personnel. It protected the neck from chafing by the armor and was used for warmth.
According to Roman tradition, soldiers had once worn togas to war, hitching them up with what was known as a "Gabine cinch"; but by the mid-Republican era, this was only used for sacrificial rites and a formal declaration of war. [45] Thereafter, citizen-soldiers wore togas only for formal occasions.
Reconstruction of a pugio: a Roman soldier from a northern province. A pugio is a dagger that was used by Roman soldiers, likely as a sidearm. Like other items of legionary equipment, the dagger underwent some changes during the 1st century. Generally, it had a large, leaf-shaped blade 18 to 28 cm long and 5 cm or more in width.
Pteruges formed a defensive skirt of leather or multi-layered fabric (linen) strips or lappets worn hanging from the waists of Roman and Greek cuirasses of warriors and soldiers, defending the hips and thighs. Similar defenses, epaulette-like strips, were worn on the shoulders
Veles. Velites (Latin: [ˈweːlɪteːs]; sg.: veles) were a class of infantry in the Roman army of the mid-Republic from 211 to 107 BC. Velites were light infantry and skirmishers armed with javelins (Latin: hastae velitares), each with a 75cm (30 inch) wooden shaft the diameter of a finger, with a 25cm (10 inch) narrow metal point, to fling at the enemy. [1]
Roman soldier wearing a sagum. The sagum was a garment of note generally worn by members of the Roman military during both the Republic and early Empire.Regarded symbolically as one of war by the same tradition which embraced the toga as a garment of peace, [1] it was slightly more practical, consisting of a simple rectangular segment of cloth fastened by a leather or metal clasp and worn on ...