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  2. Detoxification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detoxification

    The liver and kidney are naturally capable of detox, as are intracellular (specifically, inner membrane of mitochondria or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells) proteins such as CYP enzymes. In cases of kidney failure , the action of the kidneys is mimicked by dialysis ; kidney and liver transplants are also used for kidney and liver failure ...

  3. Xenobiotic metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobiotic_metabolism

    These pathways are a form of biotransformation present in all major groups of organisms, and are considered to be of ancient origin. These reactions often act to detoxify poisonous compounds; however, in cases such as in the metabolism of alcohol , the intermediates in xenobiotic metabolism can themselves be the cause of toxic effects.

  4. Glymphatic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glymphatic_system

    The majority of the CSF is formed in the choroid plexus and flows through the brain along a distinct pathway: moving through the cerebral ventricular system, into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, then draining into the systemic blood column via arachnoid granulations of the dural sinuses or to peripheral lymphatics along cranial ...

  5. Glutathione S-transferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_S-transferase

    A simplified overview of MAPK pathways in mammals, organised into three main signaling modules (ERK1/2, JNK/p38 and ERK5). Although best known for their ability to conjugate xenobiotics to GSH and thereby detoxify cellular environments, GSTs are also capable of binding nonsubstrate ligands , with important cell signaling implications.

  6. Drug metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism

    Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...

  7. GNMT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNMT

    GNMT acts as an enzyme to regulate the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) (AdoHcy) [19] and participates in the detoxification pathway in liver cells. [7] GNMT competes with tRNA methyltransferases for SAM and the product, S -adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), is a potent inhibitor of tRNA methyltransferases and a ...

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