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Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and ... Twins reared apart are not assigned at random to foster or adoptive parents. ... monozygotic ...
In terms of correlation statistics, this means that theoretically the correlation of tests scores between monozygotic twins would be 1.00 if genetics alone accounted for variation in IQ scores; likewise, siblings and dizygotic twins share on average half alleles and the correlation of their scores would be 0.50 if IQ were affected by genes ...
Identical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited is a 2007 memoir written by identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein and published by Random House. [1] The authors, born in New York City in 1968 to Leda Witt, daughter of Nathan Witt , were separated as infants, in part, to participate in a " nature versus nurture " twin ...
In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, monozygotic twins separated shortly after birth were reunited in adulthood. [60] These adopted, reared-apart twins were as similar to one another as were twins reared together on a wide range of measures including general cognitive ability , personality , religious attitudes , and vocational ...
The power of twin designs arises from the fact that twins may be either identical (monozygotic (MZ), i.e. developing from a single fertilized egg and therefore sharing all of their polymorphic alleles) or fraternal (dizygotic (DZ), i.e. developing from two fertilized eggs and therefore sharing on average 50% of their alleles, the same level of genetic similarity found in non-twin siblings).
Identical twins reared apart from birth are another method of studying the origin of psychological traits. Unfortunately, such twin pairs are rare. Three sets of male twin pairs exist in the literature. In the first pair found by Thomas Bouchard, both male twins reared apart from birth were homosexual.
The study was subsequently the subject of Identical Strangers, a 2007 memoir by separated identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein [11] (who appear in the film), as well as the 2017 documentary The Twinning Reaction [12] and a 2018 episode of the American TV news program 20/20 titled "Secret Siblings".
A limit of this design is the common prenatal environment and the relatively low numbers of twins reared apart. A second and more common design is the twin study in which the similarity of identical and fraternal twins is used to estimate heritability.