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  2. Convergent matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_matrix

    The expression is a regular splitting of A if and only if B −1 ≥ 0 and C ≥ 0, that is, B −1 and C have only nonnegative entries. If the splitting is a regular splitting of the matrix A and A −1 ≥ 0, then ρ(T) < 1 and T is a convergent matrix. Hence the method converges. [12] [13]

  3. Matrix (chemical analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(chemical_analysis)

    In chemical analysis, matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte [1] of interest. The matrix can have a considerable effect on the way the analysis is conducted and the quality of the results are obtained; such effects are called matrix effects. [ 2 ]

  4. List of named matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_named_matrices

    A matrix with all entries either 0 or 1. Synonym for (0,1)-matrix, binary matrix or Boolean matrix. Can be used to represent a k-adic relation. Markov matrix: A matrix of non-negative real numbers, such that the entries in each row sum to 1. Metzler matrix: A matrix whose off-diagonal entries are non-negative. Monomial matrix

  5. Matrix congruence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_congruence

    Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation. Matrix congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space: two matrices are congruent if and only if they represent the same bilinear form with respect to different bases.

  6. Convergent synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_synthesis

    In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multistep synthesis, most often in organic synthesis. In this type of synthesis several individual pieces of a complex molecule are synthesized in stage one, and then in stage two these pieces are combined to form the final product. [ 1 ]

  7. Host–guest chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–guest_chemistry

    In supramolecular chemistry, [1] host–guest chemistry describes complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions that are held together in unique structural relationships by forces other than those of full covalent bonds. Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions through non-covalent ...

  8. Convergence of Fourier series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_of_Fourier_series

    Notice that the 1/2 here is essential—there is an example of a 1/2-Hölder functions due to Hardy and Littlewood, [14] which do not belong to the Wiener algebra. Besides, this theorem cannot improve the best known bound on the size of the Fourier coefficient of a α-Hölder function—that is only O ( 1 / n α ) {\displaystyle O(1/n^{\alpha ...

  9. Density matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_matrix

    In quantum mechanics, a density matrix (or density operator) is a matrix that describes an ensemble [1] of physical systems as quantum states (even if the ensemble contains only one system). It allows for the calculation of the probabilities of the outcomes of any measurements performed upon the systems of the ensemble using the Born rule .