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This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
1526: Babur destroys the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat, laying the foundation of the Mughal Empire. 1527: Babur annihilates the Rajput Confederacy of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa, ending the most dangerous threat to Muslim rule in India at the time. 1528: Babur defeats an Afghan army at the Battle of Kannauj.
703: Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam, is born. 705: Death of caliph Abd al-Malik. Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph. 711: Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad and of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim. 712: Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim; 713: Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam of Shia was poisoned and martyred.
In the Tughluq Empire, Muhammad Tughluq dies and Firuz Shah Tughluq assumes power. 1352: The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed. 1353: The Ilkhanate ends. The Ottoman Empire acquires the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital ...
1444: The Anti-Ottoman League of Lezhe in Albania is formed by Scanderbeg. Murad II voluntarily abdicates from his throne in favor of his son Mehmed II after the former's defeat at the hands of crusaders at the Battle of Varna.
1754: In Ottoman Empire death of Mahmud I and accession of Osman III. 1755: Division of the Mataram Sultanate, Indonesia, the last major independent Muslim state in Java before Dutch colonisation. 1757: In Ottoman Empire death of Osman III and accession of Mustafa III. 1761: Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi. Battle of Panipat.
613: Invitation of the close families of Muhammad to Islam; 613: Declaration at Mount Safa inviting the general public to Islam; 614: Birth of Aisha, Daughter of first caliph Abu Bakr and youngest wife of Muhammad. 614: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia. 615: Acceptance of Islam by Hamza and Umar