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In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
It is also important to rule out systemic diseases that can cause hives, such as vasculitis (urticarial vasculitis), Schnitzler's syndrome, Gleich's syndrome, or thyroid disease. [32] The specific symptoms, triggers, and results of skin and blood tests can help differentiate autoimmune urticaria from these other conditions.
Hives, or urticaria, is a form of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. [1] They may also burn or sting. [2] Hives can appear anywhere on the surface of the skin. Whether the trigger is allergic or not, a complex release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine from cutaneous mast cells, results in fluid leakage from superficial blood ...
It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor. The sensor will detect pre ignition and retard the engines timing to protect the engine from damage. Undesired engine behavior will occur such as loss of performance or power.
The reduced engine speeds allow more time for autoignition chemistry to complete thus promoting the possibility of pre-ignition and so called "mega-knock". Under these circumstances, there is still significant debate as to the sources of the pre-ignition event. [3] Pre-ignition and engine knock both sharply increase combustion chamber temperatures.
Schnitzler syndrome or Schnitzler's syndrome is a rare disease characterised by onset around middle age of chronic hives (urticaria) and periodic fever, bone and joint pain (sometimes with joint inflammation), weight loss, malaise, fatigue, swollen lymph glands and enlarged spleen and liver.
Physical urticaria is a distinct subgroup of urticaria (hives) that are induced by an exogenous physical stimulus rather than occurring spontaneously. [1] There are seven subcategories that are recognized as independent diseases. [2] [3] Physical urticaria is known to be painful, itchy and physically unappealing; it can recur for months to ...
Symptoms are thought to be the result of histamine being released by mast cells on the surface of the skin. Despite the lack of antigens , histamine causes the skin to swell in affected areas. If the membrane that surrounds the mast cells is too weak, it will easily and rapidly break down under physical pressure, which then causes an allergic ...