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Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. [41] Dogs can lose their hearing from age or an ear infection. [42]
The shape and position of the tongue determine the resonant cavity that gives different nasals their characteristic sounds. Examples include English /m, n/ . Nearly all languages have nasals, the only exceptions being in the area of Puget Sound and a single language on Bougainville Island .
The supraglottal cavity or the orinasal cavity is divided into an oral subcavity (the cavity from the glottis to the lips excluding the nasal cavity) and a nasal subcavity (the cavity from the velopharyngeal port, which can be closed by raising the velum). The subglottal cavity consists of the trachea and the lungs.
Auditory ossicles from a deep dissection of the tympanic cavity. Sound waves travel through the ear canal and hit the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. This wave information travels across the air-filled middle ear cavity via a series of delicate bones: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup).
Dog communication refers to the methods dogs use to transfer information to other dogs, animals, and humans. Dogs may exchange information vocally, visually, or through smell. Visual communication includes mouth shape and head position, licking and sniffing, ear and tail positioning, eye contact, facial expression, and body posture.
In her 2008 book Barking: The Sound of a Language, [18] Turid Rugaas explains that barking is a way a dog communicates. She suggests signaling back to show the dog that the dog's attempts to communicate have been acknowledged and to calm a dog down. She suggests the use of a hand signal and calming signals called 'splitting'.
It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture). [ 3 ] Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia , prinzmetal angina ); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis ). [ 4 ]
For example, glottalized consonants in London English, such as the t in rat [ˈɹæʔt], may be weakly ejective. Similarly, fully voiced stops in languages such as Thai, Zulu, and Maidu are weakly implosive. This ambiguity does not occur with the next airstream mechanism, lingual, which is clearly distinct from pulmonic sounds. [9]