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Beginning with large values of h allows elements to move long distances in the original list, reducing large amounts of disorder quickly, and leaving less work for smaller h-sort steps to do. [7] If the list is then k-sorted for some smaller integer k, then the list remains h-sorted. A final sort with h = 1 ensures the list is fully sorted at ...
A sorting algorithm is stable if whenever there are two records R and S with the same key, and R appears before S in the original list, then R will always appear before S in the sorted list. When equal elements are indistinguishable, such as with integers, or more generally, any data where the entire element is the key, stability is not an issue.
Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the input list element by element, comparing the current element with the one after it, swapping their values if needed. These passes through the list are repeated until no swaps have to be performed during a pass, meaning that the ...
Timsort is a stable sorting algorithm (order of elements with same key is kept) and strives to perform balanced merges (a merge thus merges runs of similar sizes). In order to achieve sorting stability, only consecutive runs are merged. Between two non-consecutive runs, there can be an element with the same key inside the runs.
The simplest form goes through the whole list each time: procedure cocktailShakerSort(A : list of sortable items) is do swapped := false for each i in 0 to length(A) − 1 do: if A[i] > A[i + 1] then // test whether the two elements are in the wrong order swap(A[i], A[i + 1]) // let the two elements change places swapped := true end if end for if not swapped then // we can exit the outer loop ...
A bidirectional variant of selection sort (called double selection sort or sometimes cocktail sort due to its similarity to cocktail shaker sort) finds both the minimum and maximum values in the list in every pass. This requires three comparisons per two items (a pair of elements is compared, then the greater is compared to the maximum and the ...
Bubble/Shell sort: Exchange two adjacent elements if they are out of order. Repeat until array is sorted. Insertion sort: Scan successive elements for an out-of-order item, then insert the item in the proper place. Selection sort: Find the smallest (or biggest) element in the array, and put it in the proper place. Swap it with the value in the ...
The algorithm is initiated with the heads of each input list. Using these elements, a binary tree of losers is built. For merging, the lowest list element 2 is determined by looking at the overall minimum element at the top of the tree. That value is then popped off, and its leaf is refilled with 7, the next value in the input list.