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Vergence is the angle formed by rays of light that are not perfectly parallel to one another. It is related to the optical power, focal length, and spot size of optical systems, and has different definitions and applications in geometrical and Gaussian optics.
A dispersive prism is an optical device that uses refraction to split white light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Learn about the principle, types, history and applications of dispersive prisms, and how they differ from diffraction gratings and mirrors.
Learn about the different types of optical prisms, such as dispersive, reflective, beam-splitting and polarizing prisms, and how they refract, reflect or split light. Find out how prisms are made of transparent materials like glass, acrylic or fluorite, and how they can create spectra, images or polarizations.
Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
Focal length is a measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light. For a thin lens in air, the focal length is the distance from the center of the lens to the principal foci. Learn how to measure and calculate focal length for different types of lenses and systems.
Dispersion is the phenomenon of wave velocity depending on frequency, causing different colors to refract at different angles. Anomalous dispersion occurs when the refractive index increases with wavelength, such as in the ultraviolet region, while normal dispersion occurs when it decreases with wavelength, such as in visible light.